Amazon Watch

Belo Sun

An Important People-Powered Win in Brazil, but the Fight Isn’t Over

A partial veto protects key environmental safeguards, but dangerous loopholes still put the Amazon at risk

With COP30 in Belém just months away, Brazil had a chance to send the world a bold message about its commitment to climate justice. Instead, it delivered a mixed one.

Amazon Watch is building on more than 28 years of radical and effective solidarity with Indigenous peoples across the Amazon Basin.

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You Can’t Kill a River

Why the Volta Grande still lives – and how the peoples of the Xingu continue to oppose mining company Belo Sun

In the Volta Grande do Xingu, the river still runs. Even with turbines and licenses strangling it, the Xingu endures because the peoples who protect it refuse to disappear.

Militant Mothers of the Movement: Meet Maria Leusa Munduruku

Maria Leusa Munduruku has emerged as a powerful defender of Munduruku territory in the heart of the Brazilian Amazon against a conflux of extractive megaprojects such as dams, mining, illegal logging, and the Ferrogrão mega-railway.

Blood Gold in the Amazon: Belo Sun’s Mega-Mine Threatens People, Land, and Climate

An infusion of new financing and lax regulation has rekindled the company’s aggressive efforts to greenlight its disastrous open-pit gold mine

A recent cash infusion from Luxembourg-based investor La Mancha Resource Capital, combined with a shocking court ruling, has given the Canadian company new momentum to push forward with one of the most destructive mining projects the Amazon has ever faced.

Major Victory to Halt Mining in the Heart of the Brazilian Amazon

Brazilian judge annuls Belo Sun's land rights contract, delivering a major blow to the company's plans to build Brazil's largest open-pit gold mine

This recent federal court decision annulling Belo Sun and INCRA’s contract is a crucial step toward justice, underscoring the resilience of the communities of the Volta Grande do Xingu.

Brazilian Justice Voids Belo Sun Mining’s Concession

In a major victory for the communities of the Amazon’s Volta Grande do Xingu, a judge’s ruling annulled the Canadian mining company’s contract with Brazil’s Land Reform Institute

A Brazilian federal court issued a major setback to Belo Sun, declaring the contract that granted the company its land concession null and void.

Attacks on Indigenous Rights in Brazil Are Fueling Amazon Fires and Climate Change

A brazen new institutional assault on Indigenous rights by a Supreme Court Justice is underway, threatening to undo fundamental constitutional protections of Brazil’s Indigenous communities

As Brazil stands at a critical crossroads, the support and vigilance of the international community are essential to ensuring that Indigenous rights are upheld and the Amazon rainforest is preserved for future generations.

Can Mining Override Agrarian Reform and Food Sovereignty in the Amazon?

Brazil’s Institute of Agrarian and Colonization Reform refuses to repeal a Bolsonaro-era rule authorizing mining and other industrial projects on protected lands in the Amazon

We recommend that INCRA immediately suspend IN 112 and replace it with a policy that better regulates the historical uneven relationship between large private enterprises and small farmers in rural settlements.

Indigenous Rights Under Siege: Brazil’s New Battle for the Amazon and Cultural Survival

Despite a Supreme Court victory, new legislative and judicial attacks threaten the future of Indigenous lands and environmental protection

As Brazil stands at a crossroads, the international community's support and vigilance are crucial in ensuring that Indigenous rights are upheld and the Amazon rainforest is preserved for future generations​.

Coming Together to Demand the Amazon as a No-Go Zone at FOSPA

Amazon Watch participation in the 11th Pan-Amazonian Social Forum strengthened a regional coalition for an Amazon free of mining

"Their money will run out, but our territory will remain here. We're not going to sell ourselves or our land to be destroyed."

Safeguarding the Right to Self-determination at UNPFII

At the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, Amazon Watch amplified Indigenous voices of strong female leaders underscoring the urgency of safeguarding the right to self-determination on the path to COP30

Achieving Indigenous autonomies and territorial governance, where self-determination is exercised, requires dismantling the mandates imposed by colonial and extractivist states and transforming them based on indigenous worldviews of harmony and collectivity.

Unmasking the Environmental and Human Rights Threats of Canadian Corporations

Despite its promises, Canada rejects key recommendations on the framework of the Universal Periodic Review and remains a threat to human rights and the environment

Contrary to upholding Indigenous rights, Canada rejected crucial recommendations regarding the regulation of its companies operating in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Over 100 International Organizations Denounce Belo Sun’s Efforts to Criminalize Brazilian Land Defenders

Canadian mining company Belo Sun is attempting to build the largest open-pit gold mine in Brazil, and now it has filed a criminal lawsuit against local community members and activists who are speaking out about the environmental and human rights impacts of the project

“We must halt all mining ventures in the Amazon, as they pose grave and irreversible threats to global climate stability and the future of humanity.”

Guardians Unite: Defending the Xingu Against Belo Sun’s Threat

The Gathering was a key moment to reaffirm our collective resistance and understand the realities of communities grappling not only with the disastrous Belo Monte hydroelectric dam but also the looming threat of Belo Sun’s proposed mine. 

Belo Sun Mining Seeks to Criminalize Amazon Defenders

The Canadian gold mining company’s criminal lawsuit attempts to silence and intimidate defenders of the Volta Grande do Xingú, including community leaders, Amazon Watch, and other environmental and human rights activists

In a blatant effort to intimidate and silence its critics, Belo Sun Mining has filed a criminal lawsuit targeting more than 30 people – most of them small-scale farmers – as well as community leaders, environmental defenders, researchers, and representatives of Brazilian and international organizations.

Unmasking Canada’s Extractive Industry Violations at the UN Human Rights Council

Pressure mounts in Geneva against Canada as civil society demands Indigenous and socio-environmental rights commitments

Civil society organizations also urge Canada to enact regulations ensuring gold's origin traceability, especially when mining occurs in Amazonian countries. They call for a comprehensive energy transition plan that respects human rights and promotes the gradual abandonment of extractive industries that jeopardize the Amazon's ecological balance.

Victory: Belo Sun Is One Step Closer to Having Its License Permanently Denied

Environmental licensing shifted to federal jurisdiction under Brazil's environmental agency after Belo Sun's arguments were debunked

In a significant victory for the Amazon and Indigenous rights, the environmental licensing process for the Belo Sun mining project in the Volta Grande region of the Xingu River has been successfully shifted from state to federal jurisdiction.